Artificial Intelligence Bias against Women: Societal Implications in Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines the issue of artificial intelligence (AI) bias against women in Nigeria and its wider societal implications. AI systems, often trained on incomplete or historically skewed data, risk reinforcing existing inequalities rather than promoting fairness. Drawing on a desk review of global and Nigerian literature, policy documents, and case studies, the study highlights how bias emerges in recruitment, financial services, education, healthcare, and voice recognition technologies. Evidence shows that women are disadvantaged by AI driven hiring platforms, excluded from credit systems, steered away from STEM fields, and underserved by diagnostic tools. These patterns mirror global experiences but are intensified in Nigeria by structural inequalities in access to education, finance, and digital resources. The societal consequences are profound: economic exclusion, restricted career advancement, poorer health outcomes, reduced civic participation, and the reinforcement of patriarchal norms. The paper underscores the urgent need for gender-sensitive AI design, transparent governance, and regulatory oversight to ensure that Nigeria’s digital transformation advances equity rather than deepens discrimination.